Track and Field – Jumps Applied Session @ ISBS 2011
(Biomechanical implications on Jumps Performance)
Aim
The aim of this session is to look at the biomechanical knowledge on jumps and use it to (i) analyze how this knowledge can be used to improve the performance on jumps in general and particularly on long jump; (ii) promote an open discussion with researchers, coaches, clinicians and practitioners about this findings, and (iii) use this information to design new approaches to research projects, equipment development and new training methods.
The theoretical foundations
Currently, athletes are working close to their biological limits and the pre-requisites for success in these events are the large amount of mechanical energy and forces that the athlete faces during the entire movement. Therefore, an issue to be addressed is the high risk of injuries of the muscle skeletal system and the contribute that biomechanics can offer to prevent it and optimize the training. There is great inter and intra variability on jumps technique and despite efforts spent by biomechanicists, many efforts still to be done to thoroughly address for a comprehensive explanation.
Although knowledge has been growing during recent years, little have been done concerning take-off in track and field jumps as well as the dynamics of muscle-tendon unit during this phase. Through force platforms, insights about the mechanics of vertical and horizontal jumps during take-off can be understood, although little can be found in the literature. The knowledge of the GRF pattern together with kinematic information will enable a more thorough evaluation of the jumper technique and efficiency. Another challenge for biomechanics is to provide timely and meaningful information to coaches and elite athletes. With the development of new technologies more accurate data can be gathered from different systems and information delivered faster for athletes and coaches and other approaches can be developed as well.
Programme
28 June 2011
Track and Field – Indoor facilities - 15h30
Data Collection in Long Jump (Chairman Prof. Filipe Conceição) 
Invited Athletes
Naide Gomes: World Indoor Champion
Best Performance: Long Jump - 7.12m
Gaspar Araujo
OUTDOOR
2004 European Team Champion (Turkey) LJ – 8,15m (v) 8,10m (1st)
Considered the best male jumper of the event
Athens Olympic Games-L J – Did not reach the final
2005 European Champion Clubs Cup (Sporting Club Portugal) - 7,91m (1st)
2008 Ibero-American Championship (Chile) - 7,83m (1st)
INDOOR
2005 – Madrid Meeting - LJ 8,00m (2nd)
European Indoor Championship (Madrid) - L J – 7,85m (5th)
Best male athlete of the Portuguese team in this championship
Marcus Caldeira
2005 European Youth Olympic Day (Italy) -7,34m (Youth Nat Record);
Euro Asian Games (Thailand);
World Youth Championship (Marrakech) (13th);
2007 European Juniors Championship (3rd);
National Juniors Indoor Record - 7.58 m;
2009 Triple Jump Best Performance - 16,19 m.
2011 Long Jump Best Performance - 7,81m.
Athletes Preparation and Familiarization with equipments and procedures, in parallel with:
Establishing the main focus in data collection (20'):
Prof. Brüggemann
Prof. Mark King
Prof. Nick Linthorne
Data Collection - Long Jump Run-Up, Take-off and Aerial Phase (45'):
Measurement of approach run velocities, three dimensional measurements of athletes' performance
and ground reaction forces during take-off and during the aerial phase.
Data Projection for the participants (15')
Room - 15h30 (Chairman Prof. Filipe Conceição)
1st Oral Presentation (20')
Prof. Nick Linthorne: Take-off forces and impulses in the long jump
2nd Oral Presentation (20')
Prof. Mark King: Computer simulation of the takeoff phase in running jumps
3rd Oral Presentation (20')
Prof. Gert-Peter Brueggemann: Association of muscle-tendon mechanical properties and jumping performance - some biomechanical considerations
4th Oral Presentation (20')
Prof. Filipe Conceição: Presentation of the jumps’ data collected
Debate (10')
Presenters Biographies
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Gert-Peter Brüggemann, DSK, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany. Dr. Brüggemann currently is a Professor at the German Sport University, Cologne, Germany. His original training was in mathematics and human movement sciences. After his university studies in Münster and Frankfurt/Main, he obtained a doctoral degree at the University of Frankfurt/Main in Biomechanics. He was offered an Associate Professor position at the German Sport University of Cologne in 1983, and - after some requests from other German and European Universities - Dr. Brüggemann remained at the Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln and now has a full professorship in Biomechanics. Since 2000 he is the head of Institute for Biomechanics at the German Sport University. In 2004 the Institute was enlarged to the Institute for Biomechanics and Orthopaedics which is now one of Europe’s largest and best equipped institutes in field of biomechanics and clinical biomechanics. He has contributed to over 200 papers in German, English, Japanese and Chinese focused on sport and occupational biomechanics and clinical biomechanics. He is a frequent speaker at biomechanics and medical conferences. He was a member of the IOC Medical Commission, Subcommission on Biomechanics and Physiology for twelve years. The last years the major scientific impact contributed to an increased understanding of the biological tissue response to mechanical stimuli. His major scientific interests are mechanical load during sport and occupational activities and its relation to injuries, tissue damages, the impact of mechanical stimuli to biological materials, the biomechanics of the muscle-tendon-unit, and the limiting factors of human performance. Last but not least footwear biomechanics, biomechanics of braces, orthoses and prostheses |
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Mark King, Loughborough University, UK Senior Lecturer in Sports Biomechanics at Loughborough University, UK, researching into: • Computer simulation of dynamic jumps • Maximal voluntary isovelocity torque • Computer simulation of racket sports • Computer simulation of fast bowling in cricket The main focus of my current research is using subject-specific computer simulation models to help understand the mechanics of the takeoff phase in dynamic jumps. Integral to this work is the role of muscle on optimum performance and in particular the relationship between maximal voluntary torque and angular velocity. At the European College of Sport Science 1997 conference I was awarded first prize in the Young Investigators Award for my work on the computer simulation of gymnastics vaulting. I have been a member of the International Society of Biomechanics and the Technical Group on Computer Simulation (TGCS) for the past 15 years and in 2010 I was elected Chair of the TGCS. |
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Nick Linthorne, Brunel University, UK Nick is a Senior Lecturer in Sports Biomechanics at Brunel University, UK. His original training was in physics; he has a BSc from the University of Queensland and a PhD from the University of Western Australia. His current research interests are in the biomechanics of athletics (especially the jumping events) and the biomechanics of football. Nick is a member of ISBS, ISB, ISEA, and BASES; he is regular reviewer for many biomechanics and sports sciences journals; and he was the Biomechanics Section Editor of Journal of Sports Sciences. He was also a former competitive athlete and was a Jumps Judge at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. |
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Filipe Conceição, University of Porto Filipe got his PhD from the Faculty of Sport of Porto University and completed pos-doc studies in computer simulation modelling at the Loughborough University. He has a BSc from Cuba in physical education and athletics training. Currently he is working in the Track and Field department of the University of Porto. His research interest crosses a wide range of topics in Sports Biomechanics and is currently committed with the Porto Biomechanics Laboratory. The main area of research interest is athletic jumps biomechanics and its application to training as well as computer simulations of muscle performance, particularly associated with athletic jumps. In the last years he has been providing scientific support to some of the best Portuguese jumpers. |
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